When a cardiac emergency happens, hesitation can cost a life. Many bystanders freeze because they are afraid of doing something wrong. Let’s clear up some of the most common misconceptions about Hands-Only CPR so you can act with confidence.

Myth: I have to give mouth-to-mouth breathing. Fact: If you are dealing with a teen or adult who suddenly collapses, Hands-Only CPR (chest compressions without breaths) is highly effective. In the first few minutes of cardiac arrest, the victim still has oxygen in their blood. Pushing hard and fast pumps that existing oxygen to the brain and heart until professional responders arrive.

Myth: I shouldn't do CPR because I might break their ribs. Fact: It is true that chest compressions can sometimes crack ribs or cartilage, but a broken rib can be fixed; cardiac arrest is fatal without intervention. Do not let the fear of causing a minor injury stop you from saving their life.

Myth: I am not officially certified, so I shouldn't step in. Fact: You do not need a certification card to save a life. Any CPR is better than no CPR. If you call 911, the dispatcher can even guide you through the steps over the phone. Just start pushing hard and fast in the center of the chest.

Myth: If they are making gasping sounds, they are breathing and don't need CPR. Fact: Occasional, abnormal gasping (often called "agonal gasps") is not normal breathing—it is actually a sign of cardiac arrest. If the person is unresponsive and not breathing normally, call 911 and start chest compressions immediately.

Myth: I could get sued if I try to help and something goes wrong. Fact: All 50 states have "Good Samaritan" laws designed specifically to protect bystanders who step in to help in an emergency, as long as you are acting in good faith and not being intentionally reckless.

Myth: Cardiac arrest and a heart attack are the same thing. Fact: They are different. A heart attack is a "plumbing" problem (a blocked artery), and the person is usually awake and breathing. Sudden cardiac arrest is an "electrical" problem where the heart unexpectedly stops beating, and the person will be unresponsive. Cardiac arrest requires immediate CPR.